In 1517, a German Catholic priest named Martin Luther challenged the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church with his Ninety-five Theses. The confrontation would shatter the Catholic Church’s dominance over Europe and result in a major split in Christianity that reverberates to this day. Within this course we will explore the reasons for Luther’s outburst; examine the role of the main characters involved in the conflict; while assessing and understanding the significant impact of this great historical event.